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304F、304L 與304不銹鋼的區(qū)別

日期:2024-09-07 03:16
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摘要:<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">304F<span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304L </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">與</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼的區(qū)別</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">國(guó)標(biāo)牌號(hào)</span>0Cr18Ni9<span style="font-family:宋體;">也就是</span></span><span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">,這是一種普適性的通用不銹鋼,也是市面上見(jiàn)的*多、用的*多的一種不銹鋼,這一鋼種很廣泛的被用在了要求有優(yōu)良綜合性能的物件上,比如食品、化工設(shè)備等。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">304<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼板</span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">有優(yōu)良的冷熱加工與成型性能。很容易被用來(lái)加工生產(chǎn)不銹鋼板、不銹鋼管、不銹鋼絲、不銹鋼帶等各種不銹鋼型材,也宜被用來(lái)制造冷鐓、深沖、深拉伸成型的零件。不過(guò)</span>304<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼的焊接性能比較普通,可使用一般的焊接方法進(jìn)行加工焊接,且焊接前后都無(wú)需熱處理。不過(guò)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼的性能也有不足的地方,比如大截面尺寸鋼件焊接后對(duì)晶間腐蝕敏感,在包括濕潤(rùn)的空氣中對(duì)應(yīng)力腐蝕非常敏感,不銹鋼的力學(xué)強(qiáng)度較低,加工切削性能偏弱等。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304F<span style="font-family:宋體;">的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">F</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">指的是含硫量,該含量比</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼中高出近</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">倍,估摸達(dá)到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">0.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">左右,有更好的加工性能,但該鋼種的防銹性能比</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼略差。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304L<span style="font-family:宋體;">對(duì)應(yīng)國(guó)標(biāo)牌號(hào)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">00Cr18Ni11</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,是</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼的一種變種,該鋼種的碳含量較低,主要用來(lái)用在需要焊接的場(chǎng)合。由于碳含量較低,所以在靠近焊縫的熱影響區(qū)中所析出的碳化物減到*少,因?yàn)樘蓟锏奈龀隹赡軙?huì)使得不銹鋼在某些環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生晶間腐蝕(焊接侵蝕)。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;">304<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">是鎳合金,其物理性能表現(xiàn)為銀白色,經(jīng)拋光后能長(zhǎng)期保持華麗的外觀,比重</span>8.9<span style="font-family:宋體;">,晶格是面心立方。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">化學(xué)成分的影響</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻、鎳元素相配合組成鉻鎳不銹鋼,是一種較好的不銹鋼。在此種不銹鋼中加入大量鎳是為了得到單一的奧氏體組織,從而加強(qiáng)不銹鋼的耐腐蝕性和工藝性。在常溫和低溫下有很強(qiáng)的塑性和韌性,不具磁性,有較好的抗晶間腐蝕性能。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鉻是決定不銹鋼抗腐蝕性能的主要元素,因?yàn)殇撝泻t就能使不銹鋼在氧化介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生鈍化現(xiàn)象,即在表面形成一層很薄的膜,在這層膜內(nèi)富集了鉻。鋼中含鉻量愈高,抗腐蝕性能就愈強(qiáng)。此外,鉻對(duì)鋼的機(jī)械性能和工藝性能都能起到很好的強(qiáng)化作用。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">只有在它與鉻配合時(shí)才能充分表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。鎳是形成奧氏體的合金元素,當(dāng)鎳與鉻配合使用時(shí),即可使金相組織由單相的鐵素體變?yōu)閵W氏體和鐵素體雙相組織,經(jīng)過(guò)熱處理,可以提高強(qiáng)度,從而使其具有更強(qiáng)的不銹耐蝕性和良好的形變性能。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">雜質(zhì)對(duì)性能的影響</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">當(dāng)含碳量介于</span>0.1%~0.3%<span style="font-family:宋體;">之間時(shí),在退火后,碳將以石墨狀態(tài)在晶格間界上析出,破壞了晶粒間的結(jié)合力,強(qiáng)烈地降低鎳的強(qiáng)度和塑性,使加工變形產(chǎn)生困難。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">另外碳與鉻有很強(qiáng)的親合力,能形成一系列碳化物。鋼中的含碳量愈高,形成的碳化鉻愈多,固溶體中含鉻量就相對(duì)減少,鋼的耐腐蝕性能就會(huì)降低。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">硫是有害的雜質(zhì),硫與鎳形成</span>Ni3S2<span style="font-family:宋體;">化合物,</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Ni3S2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">與鎳在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">625</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">℃形成低熔點(diǎn)共晶,分布在晶粒間界上,當(dāng)熱變形溫度超過(guò)共晶熔點(diǎn)時(shí),即沿晶粒間界開(kāi)裂,產(chǎn)生所謂”熱脆”現(xiàn)象。鎳在常溫時(shí)與硫生成的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Ni3S2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">能引起冷脆。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p>

304F、304L 304不銹鋼的區(qū)別

國(guó)標(biāo)牌號(hào)0Cr18Ni9也就是304不銹鋼,這是一種普適性的通用不銹鋼,也是市面上見(jiàn)的*多、用的*多的一種不銹鋼,這一鋼種很廣泛的被用在了要求有優(yōu)良綜合性能的物件上,比如食品、化工設(shè)備等。

304不銹鋼板

304不銹鋼有優(yōu)良的冷熱加工與成型性能。很容易被用來(lái)加工生產(chǎn)不銹鋼板、不銹鋼管、不銹鋼絲、不銹鋼帶等各種不銹鋼型材,也宜被用來(lái)制造冷鐓、深沖、深拉伸成型的零件。不過(guò)304不銹鋼的焊接性能比較普通,可使用一般的焊接方法進(jìn)行加工焊接,且焊接前后都無(wú)需熱處理。不過(guò)304不銹鋼的性能也有不足的地方,比如大截面尺寸鋼件焊接后對(duì)晶間腐蝕敏感,在包括濕潤(rùn)的空氣中對(duì)應(yīng)力腐蝕非常敏感,不銹鋼的力學(xué)強(qiáng)度較低,加工切削性能偏弱等。

304FF指的是含硫量,該含量比304不銹鋼中高出近1倍,估摸達(dá)到0.1左右,有更好的加工性能,但該鋼種的防銹性能比304不銹鋼略差。

304L對(duì)應(yīng)國(guó)標(biāo)牌號(hào)00Cr18Ni11,是304不銹鋼的一種變種,該鋼種的碳含量較低,主要用來(lái)用在需要焊接的場(chǎng)合。由于碳含量較低,所以在靠近焊縫的熱影響區(qū)中所析出的碳化物減到*少,因?yàn)樘蓟锏奈龀隹赡軙?huì)使得不銹鋼在某些環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生晶間腐蝕(焊接侵蝕)。

304不銹鋼是鎳合金,其物理性能表現(xiàn)為銀白色,經(jīng)拋光后能長(zhǎng)期保持華麗的外觀,比重8.9,晶格是面心立方。

化學(xué)成分的影響

鉻、鎳元素相配合組成鉻鎳不銹鋼,是一種較好的不銹鋼。在此種不銹鋼中加入大量鎳是為了得到單一的奧氏體組織,從而加強(qiáng)不銹鋼的耐腐蝕性和工藝性。在常溫和低溫下有很強(qiáng)的塑性和韌性,不具磁性,有較好的抗晶間腐蝕性能。

鉻是決定不銹鋼抗腐蝕性能的主要元素,因?yàn)殇撝泻t就能使不銹鋼在氧化介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生鈍化現(xiàn)象,即在表面形成一層很薄的膜,在這層膜內(nèi)富集了鉻。鋼中含鉻量愈高,抗腐蝕性能就愈強(qiáng)。此外,鉻對(duì)鋼的機(jī)械性能和工藝性能都能起到很好的強(qiáng)化作用。

只有在它與鉻配合時(shí)才能充分表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。鎳是形成奧氏體的合金元素,當(dāng)鎳與鉻配合使用時(shí),即可使金相組織由單相的鐵素體變?yōu)閵W氏體和鐵素體雙相組織,經(jīng)過(guò)熱處理,可以提高強(qiáng)度,從而使其具有更強(qiáng)的不銹耐蝕性和良好的形變性能。

雜質(zhì)對(duì)性能的影響

當(dāng)含碳量介于0.1%~0.3%之間時(shí),在退火后,碳將以石墨狀態(tài)在晶格間界上析出,破壞了晶粒間的結(jié)合力,強(qiáng)烈地降低鎳的強(qiáng)度和塑性,使加工變形產(chǎn)生困難。

另外碳與鉻有很強(qiáng)的親合力,能形成一系列碳化物。鋼中的含碳量愈高,形成的碳化鉻愈多,固溶體中含鉻量就相對(duì)減少,鋼的耐腐蝕性能就會(huì)降低。

硫是有害的雜質(zhì),硫與鎳形成Ni3S2化合物,Ni3S2與鎳在625℃形成低熔點(diǎn)共晶,分布在晶粒間界上,當(dāng)熱變形溫度超過(guò)共晶熔點(diǎn)時(shí),即沿晶粒間界開(kāi)裂,產(chǎn)生所謂”熱脆”現(xiàn)象。鎳在常溫時(shí)與硫生成的Ni3S2能引起冷脆。

 

 

 

 

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